root/tags/releases/twisted-8.2.0/twisted/web/client.py

# -*- test-case-name: twisted.web.test.test_webclient -*-
# Copyright (c) 2001-2008 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.
# See LICENSE for details.

"""
HTTP client.
"""

import os, types
from urlparse import urlunparse

from twisted.web import http
from twisted.internet import defer, protocol, reactor
from twisted.python import failure
from twisted.python.util import InsensitiveDict
from twisted.web import error
from twisted.python.compat import set


class PartialDownloadError(error.Error):
    """
    Page was only partially downloaded, we got disconnected in middle.

    @ivar response: All of the response body which was downloaded.
    """


class HTTPPageGetter(http.HTTPClient):

    quietLoss = 0
    followRedirect = 1
    failed = 0

    _specialHeaders = set(('host', 'user-agent', 'cookie', 'content-length'))

    def connectionMade(self):
        method = getattr(self.factory, 'method', 'GET')
        self.sendCommand(method, self.factory.path)
        self.sendHeader('Host', self.factory.headers.get("host", self.factory.host))
        self.sendHeader('User-Agent', self.factory.agent)
        data = getattr(self.factory, 'postdata', None)
        if data is not None:
            self.sendHeader("Content-Length", str(len(data)))

        cookieData = []
        for (key, value) in self.factory.headers.items():
            if key.lower() not in self._specialHeaders:
                # we calculated it on our own
                self.sendHeader(key, value)
            if key.lower() == 'cookie':
                cookieData.append(value)
        for cookie, cookval in self.factory.cookies.items():
            cookieData.append('%s=%s' % (cookie, cookval))
        if cookieData:
            self.sendHeader('Cookie', '; '.join(cookieData))
        self.endHeaders()
        self.headers = {}

        if data is not None:
            self.transport.write(data)

    def handleHeader(self, key, value):
        key = key.lower()
        l = self.headers[key] = self.headers.get(key, [])
        l.append(value)

    def handleStatus(self, version, status, message):
        self.version, self.status, self.message = version, status, message
        self.factory.gotStatus(version, status, message)

    def handleEndHeaders(self):
        self.factory.gotHeaders(self.headers)
        m = getattr(self, 'handleStatus_'+self.status, self.handleStatusDefault)
        m()

    def handleStatus_200(self):
        pass

    handleStatus_201 = lambda self: self.handleStatus_200()
    handleStatus_202 = lambda self: self.handleStatus_200()

    def handleStatusDefault(self):
        self.failed = 1

    def handleStatus_301(self):
        l = self.headers.get('location')
        if not l:
            self.handleStatusDefault()
            return
        url = l[0]
        if self.followRedirect:
            scheme, host, port, path = \
                _parse(url, defaultPort=self.transport.getPeer().port)

            self.factory._redirectCount += 1
            if self.factory._redirectCount >= self.factory.redirectLimit:
                err = error.InfiniteRedirection(
                    self.status,
                    'Infinite redirection detected',
                    location=url)
                self.factory.noPage(failure.Failure(err))
                self.quietLoss = True
                self.transport.loseConnection()
                return

            self.factory.setURL(url)

            if self.factory.scheme == 'https':
                from twisted.internet import ssl
                contextFactory = ssl.ClientContextFactory()
                reactor.connectSSL(self.factory.host, self.factory.port,
                                   self.factory, contextFactory)
            else:
                reactor.connectTCP(self.factory.host, self.factory.port,
                                   self.factory)
        else:
            self.handleStatusDefault()
            self.factory.noPage(
                failure.Failure(
                    error.PageRedirect(
                        self.status, self.message, location = url)))
        self.quietLoss = True
        self.transport.loseConnection()

    handleStatus_302 = lambda self: self.handleStatus_301()

    def handleStatus_303(self):
        self.factory.method = 'GET'
        self.handleStatus_301()

    def connectionLost(self, reason):
        if not self.quietLoss:
            http.HTTPClient.connectionLost(self, reason)
            self.factory.noPage(reason)

    def handleResponse(self, response):
        if self.quietLoss:
            return
        if self.failed:
            self.factory.noPage(
                failure.Failure(
                    error.Error(
                        self.status, self.message, response)))
        if self.factory.method.upper() == 'HEAD':
            # Callback with empty string, since there is never a response
            # body for HEAD requests.
            self.factory.page('')
        elif self.length != None and self.length != 0:
            self.factory.noPage(failure.Failure(
                PartialDownloadError(self.status, self.message, response)))
        else:
            self.factory.page(response)
        # server might be stupid and not close connection. admittedly
        # the fact we do only one request per connection is also
        # stupid...
        self.transport.loseConnection()

    def timeout(self):
        self.quietLoss = True
        self.transport.loseConnection()
        self.factory.noPage(defer.TimeoutError("Getting %s took longer than %s seconds." % (self.factory.url, self.factory.timeout)))


class HTTPPageDownloader(HTTPPageGetter):

    transmittingPage = 0

    def handleStatus_200(self, partialContent=0):
        HTTPPageGetter.handleStatus_200(self)
        self.transmittingPage = 1
        self.factory.pageStart(partialContent)

    def handleStatus_206(self):
        self.handleStatus_200(partialContent=1)

    def handleResponsePart(self, data):
        if self.transmittingPage:
            self.factory.pagePart(data)

    def handleResponseEnd(self):
        if self.transmittingPage:
            self.factory.pageEnd()
            self.transmittingPage = 0
        if self.failed:
            self.factory.noPage(
                failure.Failure(
                    error.Error(
                        self.status, self.message, None)))
            self.transport.loseConnection()


class HTTPClientFactory(protocol.ClientFactory):
    """Download a given URL.

    @type deferred: Deferred
    @ivar deferred: A Deferred that will fire when the content has
          been retrieved. Once this is fired, the ivars `status', `version',
          and `message' will be set.

    @type status: str
    @ivar status: The status of the response.

    @type version: str
    @ivar version: The version of the response.

    @type message: str
    @ivar message: The text message returned with the status.

    @type response_headers: dict
    @ivar response_headers: The headers that were specified in the
          response from the server.

    @type method: str
    @ivar method: The HTTP method to use in the request.  This should be one of
        OPTIONS, GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, TRACE, or CONNECT (case
        matters).  Other values may be specified if the server being contacted
        supports them.

    @type redirectLimit: int
    @ivar redirectLimit: The maximum number of HTTP redirects that can occur
          before it is assumed that the redirection is endless.

    @type _redirectCount: int
    @ivar _redirectCount: The current number of HTTP redirects encountered.
    """

    protocol = HTTPPageGetter

    url = None
    scheme = None
    host = ''
    port = None
    path = None

    def __init__(self, url, method='GET', postdata=None, headers=None,
                 agent="Twisted PageGetter", timeout=0, cookies=None,
                 followRedirect=1, redirectLimit=20):
        self.protocol.followRedirect = followRedirect
        self.redirectLimit = redirectLimit
        self._redirectCount = 0
        self.timeout = timeout
        self.agent = agent

        if cookies is None:
            cookies = {}
        self.cookies = cookies
        if headers is not None:
            self.headers = InsensitiveDict(headers)
        else:
            self.headers = InsensitiveDict()
        if postdata is not None:
            self.headers.setdefault('Content-Length', len(postdata))
            # just in case a broken http/1.1 decides to keep connection alive
            self.headers.setdefault("connection", "close")
        self.postdata = postdata
        self.method = method

        self.setURL(url)

        self.waiting = 1
        self.deferred = defer.Deferred()
        self.response_headers = None

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<%s: %s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.url)

    def setURL(self, url):
        self.url = url
        scheme, host, port, path = _parse(url)
        if scheme and host:
            self.scheme = scheme
            self.host = host
            self.port = port
        self.path = path

    def buildProtocol(self, addr):
        p = protocol.ClientFactory.buildProtocol(self, addr)
        if self.timeout:
            timeoutCall = reactor.callLater(self.timeout, p.timeout)
            self.deferred.addBoth(self._cancelTimeout, timeoutCall)
        return p

    def _cancelTimeout(self, result, timeoutCall):
        if timeoutCall.active():
            timeoutCall.cancel()
        return result

    def gotHeaders(self, headers):
        self.response_headers = headers
        if headers.has_key('set-cookie'):
            for cookie in headers['set-cookie']:
                cookparts = cookie.split(';')
                cook = cookparts[0]
                cook.lstrip()
                k, v = cook.split('=', 1)
                self.cookies[k.lstrip()] = v.lstrip()

    def gotStatus(self, version, status, message):
        self.version, self.status, self.message = version, status, message

    def page(self, page):
        if self.waiting:
            self.waiting = 0
            self.deferred.callback(page)

    def noPage(self, reason):
        if self.waiting:
            self.waiting = 0
            self.deferred.errback(reason)

    def clientConnectionFailed(self, _, reason):
        if self.waiting:
            self.waiting = 0
            self.deferred.errback(reason)


class HTTPDownloader(HTTPClientFactory):
    """Download to a file."""

    protocol = HTTPPageDownloader
    value = None

    def __init__(self, url, fileOrName,
                 method='GET', postdata=None, headers=None,
                 agent="Twisted client", supportPartial=0):
        self.requestedPartial = 0
        if isinstance(fileOrName, types.StringTypes):
            self.fileName = fileOrName
            self.file = None
            if supportPartial and os.path.exists(self.fileName):
                fileLength = os.path.getsize(self.fileName)
                if fileLength:
                    self.requestedPartial = fileLength
                    if headers == None:
                        headers = {}
                    headers["range"] = "bytes=%d-" % fileLength
        else:
            self.file = fileOrName
        HTTPClientFactory.__init__(self, url, method=method, postdata=postdata, headers=headers, agent=agent)
        self.deferred = defer.Deferred()
        self.waiting = 1

    def gotHeaders(self, headers):
        if self.requestedPartial:
            contentRange = headers.get("content-range", None)
            if not contentRange:
                # server doesn't support partial requests, oh well
                self.requestedPartial = 0
                return
            start, end, realLength = http.parseContentRange(contentRange[0])
            if start != self.requestedPartial:
                # server is acting wierdly
                self.requestedPartial = 0

    def openFile(self, partialContent):
        if partialContent:
            file = open(self.fileName, 'rb+')
            file.seek(0, 2)
        else:
            file = open(self.fileName, 'wb')
        return file

    def pageStart(self, partialContent):
        """Called on page download start.

        @param partialContent: tells us if the download is partial download we requested.
        """
        if partialContent and not self.requestedPartial:
            raise ValueError, "we shouldn't get partial content response if we didn't want it!"
        if self.waiting:
            self.waiting = 0
            try:
                if not self.file:
                    self.file = self.openFile(partialContent)
            except IOError:
                #raise
                self.deferred.errback(failure.Failure())

    def pagePart(self, data):
        if not self.file:
            return
        try:
            self.file.write(data)
        except IOError:
            #raise
            self.file = None
            self.deferred.errback(failure.Failure())

    def pageEnd(self):
        if not self.file:
            return
        try:
            self.file.close()
        except IOError:
            self.deferred.errback(failure.Failure())
            return
        self.deferred.callback(self.value)


def _parse(url, defaultPort=None):
    """
    Split the given URL into the scheme, host, port, and path.

    @type url: C{str}
    @param url: An URL to parse.

    @type defaultPort: C{int} or C{None}
    @param defaultPort: An alternate value to use as the port if the URL does
    not include one.

    @return: A four-tuple of the scheme, host, port, and path of the URL.  All
    of these are C{str} instances except for port, which is an C{int}.
    """
    url = url.strip()
    parsed = http.urlparse(url)
    scheme = parsed[0]
    path = urlunparse(('','')+parsed[2:])
    if defaultPort is None:
        if scheme == 'https':
            defaultPort = 443
        else:
            defaultPort = 80
    host, port = parsed[1], defaultPort
    if ':' in host:
        host, port = host.split(':')
        port = int(port)
    if path == "":
        path = "/"
    return scheme, host, port, path


def _makeGetterFactory(url, factoryFactory, contextFactory=None,
                       *args, **kwargs):
    """
    Create and connect an HTTP page getting factory.

    Any additional positional or keyword arguments are used when calling
    C{factoryFactory}.

    @param factoryFactory: Factory factory that is called with C{url}, C{args}
        and C{kwargs} to produce the getter

    @param contextFactory: Context factory to use when creating a secure
        connection, defaulting to C{None}

    @return: The factory created by C{factoryFactory}
    """
    scheme, host, port, path = _parse(url)
    factory = factoryFactory(url, *args, **kwargs)
    if scheme == 'https':
        from twisted.internet import ssl
        if contextFactory is None:
            contextFactory = ssl.ClientContextFactory()
        reactor.connectSSL(host, port, factory, contextFactory)
    else:
        reactor.connectTCP(host, port, factory)
    return factory


def getPage(url, contextFactory=None, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    Download a web page as a string.

    Download a page. Return a deferred, which will callback with a
    page (as a string) or errback with a description of the error.

    See HTTPClientFactory to see what extra args can be passed.
    """
    return _makeGetterFactory(
        url,
        HTTPClientFactory,
        contextFactory=contextFactory,
        *args, **kwargs).deferred


def downloadPage(url, file, contextFactory=None, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    Download a web page to a file.

    @param file: path to file on filesystem, or file-like object.

    See HTTPDownloader to see what extra args can be passed.
    """
    factoryFactory = lambda url, *a, **kw: HTTPDownloader(url, file, *a, **kw)
    return _makeGetterFactory(
        url,
        factoryFactory,
        contextFactory=contextFactory,
        *args, **kwargs).deferred


__all__ = [
    'PartialDownloadError',
    'HTTPPageGetter', 'HTTPPageDownloader', 'HTTPClientFactory', 'HTTPDownloader',
    'getPage', 'downloadPage']